1.
Comparayive Efficacy Of Chemotherapeutic Trails Against Hypodermosis In Cattle In Rajanpur
by Muhammad Zahid | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Study was carried out in district Rajanpur from February, 2011 to April, 2011 to find out percentage of infestation and to study chemotherapeutic trails against warble fly infestation in cattle in three tehsils namely Rojhan, Rajanpur and Jampur of district Rajanpur. In each tehsil 200 cattle were examined to record clinical signs of hypodermosis. For treatment of affected animals drug trail were done with Trichlorophon (Tagafon Star,Pakistan) and Ivermectin (Imec, SJG, Pakistan) 1% subcutaneously @ 0.2mg/kg body weight. Study included percentage of infestation in cattle in the households, veterinary hospitals and private farms. Average percentage of warbles in cattle was calculated and found 10 %, 17% and 16.5% in Rojhan, Rajanpur and Jampur respectively. It was found that percentage of infestation was 12% to 18% in hilly areas as compared to semi-hilly areas with 8% to16% and riverine areas 8% to 18% warble fly infestation in cattle. It was observed that warble fly infestation in cattle was absent in some plane areas in tehsil Jampur.
The comparison of different chemotherapeutic trails against Hypodermosis in cattle were observed and recorded. Three groups of cattle were made for chemotherapeutic trails against hypodermosis. Application of Tagafon in two different groups of cattle was carried out to evaluate their efficacy against Hypodemosis. In one group Trichlorophon (Tagafon Star,Pakistan) was applied with cotton gauzes by swabbing and spraying method with 5% solution of trichlorophon. In second group Trichlorophon (Tagafon Star, Pakistan) was given by drenching method with 2% solution at a dose rate of 0.2ml/kg body weight. In third group (Inj.Imec, SJG, Pakistan) Ivermectin 1% at dose rate of 0.2mg/kg body weight subcutaneous injection was carried out. Ivermectin1% was found to be 100% effective. Tagafon (Trichlorophon) was found 90% effective by swabbing and spraying method with 5% solution and Tagafon (Trichlorophon) by drenching method with 2% solution was found 85%effective against warble fly infestation in cattle in the study area. The data was analyzed statistically and found significant.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1297,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Cholesterol Loaded Cyclodextrin (Clc) Addition On Post Thaw Quality Of Jack Semen
by Muhammad Rafi Ullah (2009-VA-54) | Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Zahid Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Improvement of post-thaw quality of Donkey (Equusasinus) semen is essential to augment the in-vivo and in-vitro fertilization rate. Whenever we think about the techniques for long term storage of the germ cells cryopreservation appears most useful but it causes lethal and sub-lethal damage to the sperm. Sperm cryosurvival rates are not optimal for most species including donkey because of its plasma membrane composition. Egg yolk is an important component of most of the equine freezing extenders. But another factor regarding this important component is that its higher concentrations can have some deleterious effects such as oxidase activity of dead spermatozoa, bacterial/ xenobiotic contamination, reduced respiration and motility of the spermatozoa, which ultimately results in lowering fertility rate. That’s why, cold shock resistance is more in those species semen possessing higher membrane cholesterol to phospholipids ratio as compare to those species semen having less cholesterol to phospholipids ratio. Indeed it may be a useful strategy to improve cryopreservation protocols for jack sperm. Addition of CLC may also be a substitute for egg yolk in semen extender always considering that the cryo-protective effect of EY is partially due to its high cholesterol content. Semen was collected in artificial vagina at 42ºC from two mature donkeys (n=2) five times (replicates=10) which were maintained at Ravi campus Pattoki. Semen samples possessing >60% motility were used in this study. Each ejaculate was divided into 6 aliquots and CLC was added into these aliquots according to desired concentrations (0 mg, 1.5 mg and 3 mg/120 million sperms) then kept at 25ºC for 15 minutes. After incubation semen aliquots were diluted in 1:1with centrifugation media and centrifuged at 600g for 15 minutes to separate seminal plasma after bead formation. Beads of the semen were resuspended in the centrifugation media having different concentrations of egg yolk for different CLC concentration groups in such a way that 100 million / ml sperms concentration was achieved. When this final dilution was done semen was shifted at 4 ºC for 2 hour
CHAPTER 6
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cooling then further 2 hours for equilibration at 4º C. Then semen was packed in 0.5 ml plastic straws. These straws were suspended on liquid nitrogen vapors upto7 mints then plunging these straws in the liquid nitrogen in freezing box and then shifting these straws to the liquid nitrogen container by placing them in the goblets and stored there until post thawing was done. After post thawing semen was analyzed for motility, Acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, live ratios DNA integrity and MDA levels. Post-thaw parameters were analyzed by PROC MIXED as factorial ANOVA using SAS enterprise Guide Version 4.2. And it was observed that. And it was observed that both CLC 1.5 and 3 mg/120 million sperms with full egg yolk did not improved (p˃0.05) the post thaw quality except in malondialdehyde levels in which 3 mg dose with full yolk significantly (p˂0.05) decreased the level of malondialdehyde. While CLC with lower levels of egg yolk maintained the quality same as the control or improved significantly in some parameters.CLC1.5 HEY and CLC3 NEY both compete the control in motility, PMI by HOST and total viability parameter..DNA integrity increased with the decrement of egg yolk as CLC1.5 HEY, CLC3 HEY and CLC3 NEY are significantly (p˂0.05) better than the remaining three groups.MDA level is significantly lower in CLC1.5 HEY and CLC3 HEY groups comparable to control means that with partial removal of egg yolk and supplementation of CLC malondialdehyde levels are decreased significantly as compare to control. Thus CLC substitutes the egg yolk completely when 3mg of CLC /120 million sperms is added in kenney’s extender for jack semen cryopreservation. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2553-T] (1).
3.
Comparative Efficacy Of Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate, Ajwain And Kamala Against Toxocara Vitulorum Infestation In Bovine Calves
by Muhammad Zahid IQbal (2007-VA-72) | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Dr. Arshad Javid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Toxocara vitulorum is a round worm of cattle and buffalo that is common in tropical and subtropical area.Toxocara vitulorum from infected cattle and buffalo transmitted to calves via colostrum and placenta while its transmission was very less though feed and water. Toxocara vitulorum infestation was very high in calves and it caused mortalities in calve ages between 1 to 3 months, while infestation was less in high age groups.Mortality in cattle and buffalo calves reached up to 50% andcause poor growth, colic, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia and ketosis in calves. These worms could cause intestinal strangulation, holes and blockage in intestines of calves.
Resent study was designed to check the prevalence and therapeutic trial of Toxocara vitulorum in cow and buffalo calves. These results were very helpful for the treatment of the Toxocara vitulorum that was a major endo-parasite in the cows and buffalo calves. Fecal samples from 300 cows and buffalo were examined under the compound microscope for ova. Positive cow and buffalo calves were divided in five groups and different treatments were given to each group. Egg per Gram (EPG) counted at day 7and 14th post-treatment.
Overall prevalence Toxocara vitulorum was 49% in cow calves and 59% in buffalo calves. Prevalence was higher in 1-3 month age group calves (78% in cow calves & 91% in buffalo calves) while prevalence was higher in female calves (52% in cow and 61% in buffalo calves) as compare to male calves (44% in cow and 55% in buffalo calves). Prevalence was higher in the summer stress months.
The efficacy of the Albendazole was lowest in both cows and buffalo calves. The efficacy of Albendazole in cow was 25% and 31% at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves the efficacy of Albendazole was 24% and 31% at 7th and 14th days of post treatment, respectively. The efficacy of Pyrantel pamoate was 98% and 100 % in cow calves at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves the efficacy of Pyrantel pamoate was 81% and 100% at day 7th and 14th, respectively. The efficacy of Ajwain in cow calves was 59% and 69% at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves it was 58% and 69% at day 7th and 14th, respectively. The efficacy of Kamala in cow calves was 33% and 39% at day 7th and 14th day of post-treatment, respectively and buffalo calves the efficacy was 34% and 42% at day 7th and 14th of post-treatment.
It is concluded from the present study that both in cow and buffalo calves, Toxocara vitulorum is most prevalent parasitic infestation. This parasite is more prevalent in female calves, 1-6 months of age and during hot and humid season in both cows and buffaloes. Pyrantel pamoate is proved to be better than Ajwain but Albendazole and Kamala was not justified good dewormer against Toxocariasis in bovine calves.
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Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2656-T] (1).
4.
Qualitative And Quantitative Assessment Of Fertile Period In Bitches
by Anam Mushtaq (2009-VA-388) | Dr. Muhammad Zahid Tahir | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The estrous cycle of the bitch consists of 4 phases including proestrus, estrus, diestrus and an obligatory anestrus. Most of the owners normally assess the fertile period on the base of qualitative parameters and mate their bitches on predetermined days. This is the major cause of apparent infertility in bitches. The most reliable assessment for timing of mating is through quantitative assessment through vaginal cytology and progesterone assay. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of qualitative and quantitative assessment of fertile period in bitches. Furthermore, the effect of assessment method was studied on fertility (number of pregnant bitches) and prolificity (number of pups in a litter).
This study was conducted on 148 referral cases of bitches brought to Theriogenology Laboratory. The data of qualitative assessment by the owners was collected by a questioner while quantitative assessment was based on vaginal cytology and progesterone assay. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and logistic regression to compare the fertility (number of pregnancies) and prolificacy (number of pups) among groups.
In qualitative group, only 32% bitches were diagnosed pregnant. In contrast, the quantitative group showed a significantly higher fertility (83%) as compared to qualitative group (P<0.05) with odd ratio of 3 times higher fertility. Similarly, in qualitative group, 58% bitches had litter of 1-4 pups while the rest had a litter ranging in 5-10 pups. In contrast, quantitative group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher prolificity with 79% bitches having a litter of 5-10 with 4 times higher odd ratio. Meanwhile, the percentage of bitches having a smaller litter (1-4 pups) was considerably low (21%). In conclusion, the quantitative assessment of fertile period is more accurate and results in significantly higher fertility and prolificity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2946-T] (1).
